Part 2: Diggin’ In

PLAY GUITAR: [HOME] Part 1: The Basics. Part 2: Diggin’ In. Part 3: Playing Bass. Part 4: Chords & Songs

Tuning Your Guitar

There are 3 options when tuning your guitar. And you need to tune your guitar because it won’t sound good.

  1. Tune with itself

  2. Turn to a piano or other instrument

  3. Tune with an app, an electronic tuner, pitch pipe, or built-in guitar tuner

ONE: TUNE THE GUITAR WITH ITSELF

Before you begin playing your guitar, you should tune your guitar at least with itself (relative tuning) so that when you are playing songs, they will sound right.  Tune the 6th string to a piano's E if possible. If no piano is available tune the 6th string the best you can to what you think the low E is. Then tune the rest of the strings according to the instructions below. (Be careful not to tune the 6th string too high, because by the time you get to the 1st string, it may be too tight to come into tune. This will cause the string to break. If no piano is available, purchase a pitch pipe or electronic tuner. See below.).:

  • Press the 6th string in the 5th fret (A) and pluck both the 6th & the 5th strings (A). They should sound the same. If not, adjust the tuning pegs.

  • Press the 5th string in the 5th fret (D) and pluck both the 5th & the 4th strings (D). They should sound the same. If not, adjust the tuning pegs.

  • Press the 4th string in the 5th fret (G) and pluck both the 4th & the 3rd strings (G). They should sound the same. If not, adjust the tuning pegs.

  • Press the 3rd string in the 4th fret (B) and pluck both the 3rd & the 2nd strings (B). They should sound the same. If not, adjust the tuning pegs.

  • Press the 2nd string in the 5th fret (E) and pluck both the 2nd & the 1st strings (E). They should sound the same. If not, adjust the tuning pegs.

When adjusting the tuning pegs, turning the peg so that the string gets tighter will make the string sound higher in pitch. When you adjust the peg so that the string gets looser, the sound will be lower in pitch. Keep adjusting the appropriate string until both strings sound the same. Always start with he 6th string. Repeat this process with the 5th and 4th string, etc.  

Practice.  Take your guitar out of tune by loosening several of the strings except the low E (6th or top string).  Follow the above instructions and see if you can get it back in tune. But only do this if you have another way to tuning so you can get it back into tune if you get out of whack!

TWO: TUNE THE GUITAR TO A PIANO

The six strings of the guitar are tuned to the notes E - A - D - G - B - E. (Remember: Every American Dog Gets Big Ears.) Notice in the diagram below, how each string relates to the piano keyboard. You can play the low E on a piano, then pluck the 6th string (the big one at the top), and then turn the tuning peg at the end of the guitar to bring the guitar's string in tune with the piano's E. Do the same with the rest.

On a standard piano keyboard, the low E note is the E which is located two white keys to the right of the group of two black keys. Specifically, if you start from the lowest C on the piano (the leftmost key), count up 12 keys (including both white and black keys), and you'll find the low E note, which is the second E you encounter from the left on the keyboard.

THREE: TUNE THE GUITAR WITH ANOTHER DEVICE.

une the guitar with an app, a pitch pipe, an electronic tuner, or the built-in tuner in your guitar

Pianos are not always available when you want to tune your guitar. When playing with a band or other instruments, it is absolutely necessary to get your guitar in tune so that when you play with the other instruments, it will sound great instead of really bad. There are other options to tune your guitar besides the above-mentioned ones.

  • A Pitch Pipe. You can purchase a pitch pipe [Amazon - $8] and blow on each note and tune your guitar to the sound.

  • A Guitar Tuning App. You can download a guitar tuning app from the Apple or Google App stores. Check out the Fender Tuning App. It’s free and amazing.

  • An Electric Guitar Tuner. This is the best option so far. You can purchase an electronic tuner. I have listed one from Amazon [$14] that I have. It clips on the end of the guitar neck.

  • Built-in Electronic Tuner. Some guitars come with a built-in electronic tuner. That would be an important feature to consider if you want to buy a new guitar. You have to think down the road WHEN you’re playing with a band. The built-in tuner makes it really easy to tune between songs if necessary instead of getting out your phone app, pitch pipe, or an external electronic guitar tuner. Having a built-in tuner makes the guitar more expensive. You could just get a $14 one from Amazon. But having it built in is the most professional.

At least download the app, and save yourself many headaches by enjoying much better sounds each time you practice.

It is important to keep the guitar in tune so you can develop a musical ear (learning what sounds are correct). Before you play each time, check to see if the guitar is in tune with your app or tuner, or at least in tune with itself. Guitars can get out of tune because of the temperature changes in the room or during travel.

Music Theory 101

One of the most important things to understand about how music "works" is to learn about the NOTES, CHORDS, and KEYS. 

NOTES

  • Notes Are Like Letters: Music notes are like letters in the alphabet. Just like we use 26 letters to make words, we use 8 basic notes to make music. The most common notes are C, D, E, F, G, A, B, and C, the white keys on a piano in the Key of C. That is one octave (from the Latin “octo” meaning “eight,” like an octopus that has eight legs.). You can see one octave on a piano by finding two black keys followed by 3 black keys. The C note is the first white note to the LEFT of the set of two black keys and then ends at the next C note (see the picture). A standard piano has seven full octaves, plus 3 lower notes for a total of 88 keys or notes.

  • Although there are 13 notes or piano keys in the picture, we only play 8 of the 13 notes in the musical key. That’s confusing. Piano keys and the key of a song are different.

    • Piano Keys: Think of the piano like a big row of buttons. Each button makes a different sound when you press it, and we call those buttons 'piano keys.' They are the notes we play on the guitar. So when you play the piano, you're pressing these keys to make music!

    • The Key of a Song: Now, the key of a song is like picking a starting point. Imagine you’re playing a game, and the key of a song tells you which button on the piano you start with, and how the other buttons will sound together. It makes sure the music sounds nice and works together, just like a team!

    • The Pattern: When playing a song, we don’t play all 13 notes (on the piano or the guitar). It just won’t sound right. We follow a pattern. It’s easier to see on a piano, but the same pattern applies to the guitar. If we start on the C note (see the piano picture), the notes that go together will follow the pattern of Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half. It’s the same on the guitar. We’ll talk about that in a minute. For now, just remember W, W, H, W, W, W, H. Since this is an overview, let’s go on.

CHORDS

  • Chords Are Like Friends: A chord is a group of notes played together, like friends who get along well. The most basic chord is called a triad, which is made up of three notes. When we play them together, they sound happy and bright!

    • C chord (the notes of C, E, G make up the C major chord)

    • D chord (D, F#, A)

    • E chord (E, G#, B)

    • F chord (F, A, C)

    • G chord (G, B, D)

    • A chord (A, C#, E)

  • Making a Major Chord: When we place our fingers on the guitar fretboard or we play an open string (when we don’t place our fingers), we are making a triad chord.

KEYS or CHORD FAMILIES

  • Chord Families: Just like families have members who hang together and get along well, chords (made up of 3 notes) have families too. Some chords just go together (sound right). For example, the C major chord (C, E, G) belongs to the Key or Chord family of C which consists of the following 3 note chords: C, Dm, Em, F, G, Am, Bdim, and C. (The Bdmin, in this case, is the 7th chord in this family. The 7th chord in any of the chord families doesn’t often come together for family reunions, so we don’t often have to play them.)

  • Major and Minors: In each chord family, there are the more prominent members as well as the less prominent ones. We call the prominent chords Major chords and the less prominent Minor chords. In the Key of C (or family of chords), it looks like this:

    • C (MAJOR), Dm (minor), Em (minor), F (MAJOR), G (MAJOR), Am (minor). They are often marked with Roman numerals. The MAJOR chords are marked with capital Roman numerals and the minor chords are marked with lowercase Roman numerals., like this:

    • C (I), Dm (II), Em (iii), F (IV), G (V), Am (vi).

    • The MAJOR chords in the Key of C are C, F, and G.

    • Here is a Guitar Chart of the most popular guitar keys for beginner guitarists: G, C, D, and A

More Coming Soon

Let’s Practice. Complete the Guitar Chords Worksheet.

circle of 5ths - https://muted.io/circle-of-fifths/


Chord Transposer - https://muted.io/chord-transposer/


Capo

https://www.thaliacapos.com/blogs/blog/how-to-use-a-guitar-capo-chart

https://www.jameyfaulkner.com/nucleus/guitar-capo-charts - much better chart

https://www.gearank.com/capo-chart/

https://lessons.com/guitar-lessons-for-beginners/how-to-use-a-capo - nice chart

Let’s play Step by Step in a higher key. - find that video and play with it.

Supplies

  • Picks

  • Tuner

  • Guitar (classical, 6 string, 12 string, electric)

  • Guitar Case (soft, hard)

  • Strings (classical, 6 string, 12 string, electric)

  • String changer

  • Capo

  • Guitar stand

PLAY GUITAR: [HOME] Part 1: The Basics. Part 2: Diggin’ In. Part 3: Playing Bass. Part 4: Chords & Songs